Modern Politics

Understanding American politics in the digital age through neutral historical analysis.

⚖️ All Laws and Rulings

Directory of statutes and court decisions that shape the rules of speech and organizing online

14 laws and rulings documented
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Protecting Americans from Foreign Adversary Controlled Applications Act

active federal-statute federal Enacted 2024-04-24

Federal law requiring ByteDance to divest TikTok or face prohibition from US app stores and web hosting services.

Impact:

Affects 170+ million American TikTok users and establishes precedent for regulating foreign-owned social media platforms based on national security concerns.

Key Provisions:
forced-divestitureapp-store-prohibition +3 more
Challenges:
tiktok-inc-v-garland, first-amendment-challenges +1 more

Gonzalez v. Google LLC

active supreme-court federal Enacted 2023-05-18

Supreme Court case addressing Section 230 immunity for algorithmic content recommendations

Impact:

Avoided ruling on core Section 230 protections for platform recommendation algorithms

Key Provisions:
algorithmic-recommendation-immunitysection-230-interpretation +1 more
Challenges:
section-230-scope, algorithmic-liability

NetChoice v. Paxton

active supreme-court federal Enacted 2021-09-16

Supreme Court case challenging Texas HB 20's restrictions on social media content moderation

Impact:

Establishes precedent for First Amendment protections of platform editorial decisions while requiring detailed constitutional analysis of state social media laws

Key Provisions:
facial-challenge-analysiseditorial-judgment-protection +2 more
Challenges:
circuit-split-resolution, state-federal-conflict +1 more

Texas HB 20

active state-law state-texas Enacted 2021-09-09

Texas law prohibiting large social media platforms from censoring users based on viewpoint

Impact:

Attempts to restrict content moderation by platforms with over 50 million users, challenging traditional understanding of First Amendment rights

Key Provisions:
Prohibits censoring users based on viewpointRequires disclosure of content moderation policies +2 more
Challenges:
NetChoice v. Paxton (5th Circuit upheld law), Supreme Court review pending +1 more

Florida SB 7072

pending state-law state-florida Enacted 2021-05-24

Florida law restricting social media platforms from deplatforming political candidates and requiring content moderation transparency

Impact:

First state law attempting to regulate platform moderation of political content, largely blocked by courts on First Amendment grounds

Key Provisions:
Prohibits deplatforming political candidates$250,000 daily fines for deplatforming statewide candidates +2 more
Challenges:
NetChoice v. Moody (11th Circuit largely blocked law), Supreme Court review pending +1 more

Maryland Online Electioneering Transparency and Accountability Act

overturned state-law state-maryland Enacted 2018-07-01

Maryland state law requiring disclosure and recordkeeping for online political advertisements, establishing transparency requirements for digital platforms.

Impact:

First comprehensive state regulation of online political advertising with specific platform disclosure and recordkeeping requirements.

Key Provisions:
platform-disclosure-requirements48-hour-recordkeeping +3 more
Challenges:
constitutional-challenge, first-amendment-violation

FOSTA-SESTA

active federal-statute federal Enacted 2018-04-11

Package of laws creating an exception to Section 230 immunity for websites that facilitate sex trafficking

Impact:

First major carve-out from Section 230 protections, led to widespread content moderation changes and platform closures

Key Provisions:
Creates civil liability for websites that promote or facilitate prostitutionAllows state criminal prosecutions of websites +2 more
Challenges:
Woodhull Freedom Foundation v. United States (constitutional challenge), Criticism from sex worker advocacy groups +1 more

Packingham v. North Carolina

active supreme-court federal Enacted 2017-06-19

Supreme Court ruling that social media access is a protected First Amendment right, establishing platforms as the 'modern public square'

Impact:

Landmark decision protecting First Amendment rights to access social media platforms and establishing constitutional framework for digital speech restrictions

Key Provisions:
social-media-access-protectionmodern-public-square-doctrine +2 more

2015 Open Internet Order

overturned regulatory-ruling federal Enacted 2015-02-26

FCC order reclassifying broadband as a Title II telecommunications service and establishing net neutrality rules

Impact:

Prohibited ISPs from blocking, throttling, or creating paid prioritization for internet traffic

Key Provisions:
No blocking of legal content, applications, or servicesNo throttling of lawful internet traffic +2 more
Challenges:
Repealed by FCC in 2017 Restoring Internet Freedom Order, Multiple court challenges from ISPs +1 more

McCutcheon v. Federal Election Commission

active supreme-court federal Enacted 2014-04-02

Supreme Court decision striking down aggregate limits on individual campaign contributions, expanding donor capacity and enabling growth of digital fundraising platforms.

Impact:

Removed aggregate contribution limits, facilitating large-scale digital fundraising operations and sophisticated online campaign finance systems.

Key Provisions:
aggregate-limits-removalbase-limits-preserved +2 more
Challenges:
constitutional-challenge, campaign-finance-reform

Citizens United v. FEC

active supreme-court federal Enacted 2010-01-21

Supreme Court ruling that political spending by corporations and unions is protected speech under the First Amendment

Impact:

Transformed campaign finance by allowing unlimited independent political expenditures by corporations and unions, leading to rise of Super PACs

Key Provisions:
Corporate funding of independent political broadcasts cannot be limited under the First AmendmentDisclosure requirements for political advertising upheld +1 more
Challenges:
Multiple proposed constitutional amendments to overturn, Various state and local campaign finance reform efforts +1 more

McConnell v. Federal Election Commission

amended supreme-court federal Enacted 2003-12-10

Supreme Court decision upholding most provisions of the McCain-Feingold Act, establishing framework for regulating political advertising across all media platforms including digital communications.

Impact:

Defined 'electioneering communications' regulations that apply to digital platforms and established disclosure requirements for political advertising online.

Key Provisions:
electioneering-communications-definitionsoft-money-ban +3 more
Challenges:
citizens-united-partial-overturn, speechnow-org-challenge +1 more

Reno v. American Civil Liberties Union

active supreme-court federal Enacted 1997-06-26

Supreme Court ruling striking down anti-indecency provisions of the Communications Decency Act, establishing foundational First Amendment protections for online speech

Impact:

Established that the internet deserves the highest level of First Amendment protection and struck down government attempts to regulate online content based on indecency

Key Provisions:
internet-first-amendment-protectionindecency-regulation-unconstitutional +1 more

Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act

active federal-statute federal Enacted 1996

Provides immunity to online platforms from liability for user-generated content while allowing them to moderate content in good faith

Impact:

Foundational law enabling the growth of social media platforms and user-generated content sites by shielding them from most liability for user posts

Key Provisions:
No provider or user of an interactive computer service shall be treated as the publisher or speaker of any information provided by another information content providerGood Samaritan provision allowing platforms to restrict access to objectionable material +1 more
Challenges:
Multiple congressional proposals to reform or repeal, Executive Order on Preventing Online Censorship (2020) +1 more