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Dynamics dynamics/disinformation

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Every change to the Disinformation page: what changed, when it went live, and how it was reviewed.

3 open items

The Detection and Response section lists fact-checking, platform content moderation and government disclosure requirements only as efforts to combat disinformation. It omits the documented disputes over them: claims of bias in fact-checking, concerns about censorship, and the disagreement over who decides what counts as disinformation. Listing the measures without that context reads as implied endorsement.

The only modern-era context given is foreign interference around 2016. The page does not mention domestic actors or the later partisan disagreement over what counts as disinformation.

Vague, evaluative phrase with no documented measure. Replace with a specific measurable outcome or remove.

Flagged by the review on Oct 26, 2026; open for 0 days as of Oct 26, 2026.

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Lifecycle

Sep 19, 2025 – today · select a mark to jump to it
  • Writing
  • Independent review
  • Fixes
  • Minor upkeep

Changes

  1. Independent review Review 4 of 4

    Reviewed: 10 findings — 7 fixed, 3 open

    Bias 3Tone 5Factual accuracy 2
    Reviewed by
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    Why it ran
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    Text changed
    +448 / −10 words
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    Bias

    Before “**Astroturfing**: Fake grassroots movements”

    After “**Astroturfing**: Organized campaigns presented as spontaneous public support”

    Why: 'Astroturfing' is a term of art used without attribution or gloss, and the bare definition states flatly that such movements are fake.

    Tone

    Before “Unlike misinformation (false information spread without malicious intent), disinformation is deliberately crafted to mislead.”

    After “Unlike misinformation (false information spread without intent to deceive), disinformation is deliberately crafted to mislead.”

    Why: "Malicious" is a moral characterization of intent. The definition needs only the distinction between deliberate and non-deliberate spread.

    See all 10 findings in the review report
    Full review report
  2. Independent review Review 3 of 4

    Reviewed: 5 findings — 2 fixed, 1 dismissed, 2 open

    Bias 2Tone 3
    Reviewed by
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    Why it ran
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    Tone

    Before “creating an appearance of grassroots support”

    After “creating the appearance of independent, widespread support”

    Why: 'Grassroots' is a loaded term from the project's advocacy-terms list, and the sentence asserts the intended effect as fact. A more neutral version would be 'creating the appearance of independent, widespread support', optionally with a gloss that this practice is commonly called astroturfing.

    Tone

    Before “Separate information ecosystems make disinformation harder to counter”

    After “Separate information ecosystems can make disinformation harder to counter”

    Why: This states a causal claim flatly and could be read as the project's own conclusion. Hedge it ('can make') or attribute it to research, as the body text does for other effects.

    See all 5 findings in the review report
    Full review report
  3. Independent review Review 2 of 4

    Reviewed: 1 finding — 1 open

    Factual accuracy 1

    This review covered several pages at once.

    Reviewed by
    Not recorded
    Why it ran
    Not recorded
    Full review report
  4. Edit

    Edited: Mechanism type changed, text revised

    Mechanism type changed+21 / −7 words
    Reason
    Not recorded
    Made by
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    Show changesHide changes

    BeforeDisinformation refers to false or misleading information that is deliberately created and distributed to deceive audiences and achieve specific political or strategic objectives. The concept originates from Soviet-era "dezinformatsiya" and has been documented in political and intelligence contexts since the mid-20th century. The term gained renewed prominence in American political discourse in the 2010s, particularly following the 2016 U.S. presidential election and investigations into foreign interference campaigns. Digital platforms have expanded both the reach and speed of disinformation …

    AfterDisinformation refers to false or misleading information that is deliberately created and distributed to deceive audiences and achieve specific political or strategic objectives. The concept originates from Soviet-era "dezinformatsiya," with a formal disinformation department established within the Soviet intelligence apparatus in the early 1920s. The term has been documented in political and intelligence contexts since that period and gained renewed prominence in American political discourse in the 2010s, particularly following the 2016 U.S. presidential election and investigations into …

  5. Independent review Review 1 of 4

    Reviewed: 3 findings — 1 fixed, 2 open

    Factual accuracy 3

    Recorded after the fact. The findings were reconstructed later by comparing the page's text, so the reviewer's original reasoning and the model used were not kept.

    Reviewed by
    Not recorded
    Why it ran
    Not recorded
    Text changed
    +141 / −50 words
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    Factual accuracy

    Before “The concept originates from Soviet-era "dezinformatsiya" and has been documented in political and intelligence contexts since the mid-20th century.”

    Why: This claim conflicts with the frontmatter field 'emerged: "1920s"'. One of the two must be incorrect. The body says 'mid-20th century' while the frontmatter implies early 20th century. The file should be internally consistent and use a single, sourced date range.

    See all 3 findings in the review report
    Full review report
  6. Edit

    Edited: Mechanism type added

    Mechanism type added
    Reason
    Not recorded
    Made by
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  7. Edit

    Edited: Platforms changed, Related movements changed

    Platforms changedRelated movements changed
    Reason
    Not recorded
    Made by
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  8. MinorMinor edit · Image removed

  9. MinorMinor edit · Image added

  10. Edit

    Edited: Category changed, Key characteristics changed

    Category changedKey characteristics changed
    Reason
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  11. Page created

    First version

    236 words
    Reason
    Not recorded
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