forum active Founded 2003
Anonymous imageboard that influenced internet culture and digital political movements.
User Base: 22+ million monthly users
anonymous postingephemeral contentboard-based organization +3 more
forum active Founded 2013
Anonymous imageboard that became the primary platform for QAnon conspiracy theory distribution.
User Base: 1+ million monthly users
anonymous postingboard-based organizationminimal moderation +3 more
publishing active
Independent and networked publishing platforms that allow individuals and organizations to share political analysis, reporting, and commentary without traditional gatekeepers.
User Base: Hundreds of millions of readers worldwide
self-publishing toolslong-form commentaryRSS and newsletter distribution +1 more
audio-social transformed Founded 2020
Audio-based social platform that briefly became influential for political discourse through live conversations
User Base: Peak of 10+ million users
live audio conversationsinvite-only accessroom-based discussions +1 more
communication active Founded 2015
Gaming-focused communication platform that became important for political community building
User Base: 150+ million monthly users
voice chattext channelsserver communities +1 more
social-media active Founded 2004
Dominant social networking platform that reshaped political communication and information distribution
User Base: 2.9 billion monthly users
news feed algorithmgroupspages +2 more
discussion active
Threaded discussion boards and message forums where users debate politics, share research, and organize campaigns across topic-based communities.
User Base: Tens of millions of participants across public and private boards
threaded conversationsmoderation teamsanonymous or pseudonymous identities +1 more
alternative-social active Founded 2016
Alternative social media platform emphasizing free speech principles and minimal content moderation.
User Base: 4 million registered users
minimal-content-moderationtwitter-style-postsgroup-organization +3 more
streaming active Founded 2007
Streaming platform distributing political news content and entertainment programming with political themes
User Base: 48+ million subscribers
Live TV streamingNext-day network contentOriginal programming +1 more
photo-sharing active Founded 2010
Visual-first social media platform that became important for political messaging and youth engagement
User Base: 2 billion monthly users
photo sharingstoriesreels +1 more
content-aggregation active Founded 2012
Digital publishing platform that became a major venue for political journalism and commentary during election cycles.
User Base: 100+ million monthly readers
long-form publishingalgorithmic curationpublication system +3 more
social-media defunct Founded 2003
Pioneer social networking platform that introduced political campaigning to social media
User Base: 100 million users (at peak in 2006)
customizable profilesmusic integrationfriend networking +3 more
streaming active Founded 2021
Streaming service combining content from CBS, Paramount Pictures, MTV, Nickelodeon, and other ViacomCBS properties
User Base: 60+ million subscribers globally
Live TVOn-demand streamingOriginal content +1 more
social-media transformed Founded 2018
Alternative social media platform that gained popularity among users seeking less content moderation
User Base: 20+ million users (peak)
minimal moderationfree speech focusconservative audience +1 more
newsletter active Founded 2013
Subscription-based platform enabling direct creator funding that transformed independent political journalism and commentary financing.
User Base: 200,000+ creators, 8+ million patrons
subscription-based fundingcreator-patron relationshipscontent paywalls +3 more
social-news active Founded 2005
Community-driven platform organized into subreddits that became influential in political organizing
User Base: 430+ million monthly users
subreddit communitiesupvote systemanonymous posting +1 more
long-form-video active Founded 2013
Video platform positioning itself as a free speech alternative to YouTube, popular among conservative creators and political commentators.
User Base: 50 million monthly active users
long-form videolive streamingcreator monetization +3 more
image-sharing active Founded 2011
Multimedia messaging platform that became a key tool for youth voter engagement and political campaign outreach to Gen Z demographics.
User Base: 400+ million daily active users
disappearing-messagesmultimedia-storiesaugmented-reality-filters +3 more
text-to-video active Founded 2024
OpenAI's diffusion transformer that generates high-fidelity video from natural language instructions
User Base: Pre-release access for safety red teamers and invited creative professionals
Generates up to one-minute videos that closely follow text promptsExtends existing clips and animates still images with consistent subjectsUses diffusion transformers operating on video patches for long-horizon coherence
newsletter active Founded 2017
Newsletter platform that enabled independent political journalism and commentary
User Base: 500,000+ paid subscribers across platform
paid subscriptionsemail newslettersindependent publishing +1 more
messaging active Founded 2013
Encrypted messaging app that became popular among political activists and alternative media
User Base: 700+ million monthly users
encrypted messaginglarge group chatschannels +1 more
short-form-video active Founded 2016
Chinese-owned short-form video platform that became influential in youth political engagement
User Base: 1 billion monthly users
short videosAI recommendationviral trends +1 more
social-media active Founded 2022
Social media platform founded by Donald Trump emphasizing free speech and conservative-friendly content moderation policies.
User Base: 2-6 million monthly active users
character-limited postsalgorithmic timelineverification system +3 more
live-streaming active Founded 2011
Live streaming platform that became influential in political commentary and debate
User Base: 140+ million monthly users
live streamingchat interactiongaming focus +1 more
social-media active Founded 2006
Microblogging platform that became central to political discourse, acquired by Elon Musk in 2022
User Base: 500+ million monthly users
character-limited postsreal-time trendsverification system +1 more
distributed-discussion defunct Founded 1980
Decentralized network of discussion groups that pioneered online political discourse and digital activism
User Base: Peak millions of users (1990s-2000s)
newsgroupsdistributed serverstext-based discussion +1 more
messaging active Founded 2009
Encrypted messaging app that became a significant vector for political misinformation in American diaspora communities
User Base: 2+ billion users globally
end-to-end encryptiongroup messagingfamily networks +1 more
knowledge-platform active Founded 2001
Collaborative encyclopedia that became central to political fact-checking and information verification
User Base: 25+ billion page views monthly
collaborative editingneutral point of view policyverifiability requirements +1 more
video-sharing active Founded 2005
Video-sharing platform that became central to political content creation and alternative media
User Base: 2.7 billion monthly users
long-form videolive streamingmonetization +1 more